A study led by researchers at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC) demonstrated that mpox antibody levels declined rapidly and nearly returned to baseline six to 12 months after receiving the mpox vaccination.
The findings, published in JAMA, suggest that protective immunity may have waned in previously vaccinated individuals and that boosting may be required to maintain robust protection.
Researchers assessed mpox-specific immune responses for 12 months in 45 individuals who were vaccinated during the 2022 mpox outbreak. The team performed an observational study in adults who received either one or two doses of the MVA-BN vaccine (known by the brand name Jynneos) or who had a confirmed diagnosis of mpox infection, assessing serum antibody and T cell responses at baseline, three weeks, three months, six months, nine months, and 12 months following vaccination. They observed that vaccination generated serum mpox antibodies that largely waned six to 12 months after vaccination.
