Scientists have identified four new genes associated with the severe food allergy eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). Because the genes appear to have roles in other allergic diseases and in inflammation, the findings may point toward potential new treatments for EoE.
“This research adds to the evidence that genetic factors play key roles in EoE and broadens our knowledge of biological networks that may offer attractive targets for therapy,” says study leader Hakon Hakonarson, MD, PhD, director of the Center for Applied Genomics at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP). Hakonarson and colleagues from other hospitals and academic centers recently published the study online in Nature Communications. The research builds on a 2010 study by Hakonarson and colleagues that identified the first major gene associated with EoE.
Only recently recognized as a distinct condition, EoE has been rapidly increasing in prevalence during the past 20 years. Its hallmark is inflammation and painful swelling in the esophagus, along with high levels of eosinophils. It can affect people of any age, but is more common among young men who have a history of other allergic diseases such as asthma and eczema.
In the current research, the investigators performed a genome-wide association study, first in a discovery cohort of 603 EoE patients compared to 3,637 control subjects, then in a replication cohort of 333 patients versus 675 controls. All the subjects were of European ancestry. The study team identified four novel loci significantly associated with EoE. Two of them, STAT6 and c11orf30, previously were found in association with both allergies and autoimmune diseases. Two other gene loci, ANKRD27 and CAPN14, were specific to EoE. Read the article preview.
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